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Name: Maru Janak j.
Roll no: 20
Paper no: 11
Paper name: Postcolonial literature
Topic: Postcolonialism inBlack skin White Mask
Email Id: marujanak17@gmail.com
Submitted to : Department Of English
#Abstract:
“Black Skin, White Masks” (1952) is a book about the mind set or psychology of racism by Frantz Fanon, psychiatrist and black, post colonialist thinker. Fanon wrote Black Skin, White Masks when he was 27. it was his first and perhaps most enduring book. And it was ignored. Its significance was recognized only after the death of the author, particularly after the publication of the English translation a decade and a half later in 1967. Frantz Fanon had tremendous impact on the European anti-colonialist movement.
It is a very personal account of Fanon's experience being black as a man, an intellectual, and a part to a French education. It examines how colonialism is internalized by the colonized, how an inferiority complex is inculcated, and how, through the mechanism of racism, black people end up emulating their oppressors.
Key Words – ( Superiority , Blackman , Masks, Language , Race , Skin)
#Meaning Of Postcolonialism:
• Postcolonial theory is a generalized term used to describe the variety of events that took place in the aftermath of decolonization throughout various nations.
• Post colonialism as a study addresses issues of power, subordination, race, gender inequality and class warfare; but it examines how these issues still exist and linger far after the imperial powers exited the colonies.
• The ultimate goal of post colonial theory is to combat the lasting effects of colonialism on native cultures. It is not simply concerned with recovering these past cultures, but learning how the world can move beyond this period together, towards a place of mutual respect.
• Some of the most prominent theorists and authors of this theory are Frantz Fanon, Gayatri Spivak and Edward W. Said. These authors sought to expose and deconstruct the racist, imperialist nature of Eurocentric assumptions and thus remove the power of persuasion and coercion.
#Postcolonialism in Black-skin white-mask:
Black Skin White Masks, Fanon argued that colonoalism dehumanized the native. This process was thorough that the black man can see himself only as the black (mirror) image of the white man. The white man is the master, and represents an object that is to be feared and desired. The black therefore tries to be more like the (desirable) white man/master. He puts on 'white mask'.
The book is divided in 8 chapters. In these eight chapters, Fanon talks about psychology of white colonizers and black people’s desire to be like white men. He talks about issue of language, marriage between white and black and psychology behind it, white mind set of ruling, black’s inequality and struggle for human existence.
1.The Black Man and the language:
In this chapter author talks about the black people who is not learn white man's language perfactly.he is unintelligent yes if he does learn it perfectly, he has washed his brain in the world of racial ideology.
According to Fanon
“The Negro enslaved by his inferiority, the white man enslaved by his
superiority alike behaves in accordance with a neurotic orientation.”
Essentially the Negro is born into a hopeless situation. In this context, the black man will never be normal, but always an inborn no, a preborn human of abnormality. "Let me add only that in the psychological sphere the abnormal man is he who demands, who appeals, who begs." Fanon invokes Freud; however the Oedipus complex is a luxury for the white man.
2. The woman of colour and the white Man :
When women o fcolour go after white man and put down men of their own colour .Fanon says the cause is just what many of us suspect:Internalized racism.Nor do these women truly white men:they just love their colour.They go with them not out of love but to deal with their own hangs-ups about race.it is because the black women feels inferior that she aspies to gainadmittance to the white world.
here are two such women: the Negros and the mulatto. The first has only one possibility and one concern: to turn white. The second wants not only to turn white but also to avoid slipping back. What indeed could be more illogical then a mulatto woman’s acceptance of a Negro husbands? For the understood once and for all that it is a question of saving the race.
3.The man of colour and white woman.
I want to be recognized not
As Black but as a white(Frantz)
In this chapter concept of black man's desire is become a white.black man has two diamentions:one with his fellow,the other with the white man.
4.The so called dependency complex of the colonized people.
In this chapter Fanon argues that a people of colour may have deep desire for white rule. Those who opposite to it they don’t have secure sense of self that they have very chip sense on their shoulder.
5.The Lived experience of Black Man:
Frantz Fanon wants to be a man.but in the white world in which he lives his skin colour becomes everything ,more important then even his education and achievement.While his neighbour or his cousin might late him for good reason,white people hate him without even getting to know him.They are irrational.
After that Fanon categorises this chapter …
#Being Seen as a Negro , never a man .
#White people do not see him , they see his body
on other side of the white world there lies a magical black culture.Blackes have rhythm,their sex is magical,”Emotion is Negro as reason is Greek''and so on.But this only feeds white stereotypes.
6. The Black Man and Psychopathology.
Why white people are so afraid of black men:
1.Black man are seen as being way less moral.
2.White man fear they will take white women from them.
“Black man and psychopathology” is related with some wrong beliefs that whit had for natives”
Why should people fear of being as a black? Here the white man repressed the Homosexuality and their strange hang ups about black man’s penises more generally, black man are viewed as a bodies which makes them seems like mindless, violence, sexual, animal beings. All the bad meaning that the word “Black” had even before Europeans set foot in black Africa.
Here he writes that
7. The Black Man and Recognition:
Section-A “The Negro and Adler”
In this section fanon applies Adler’s personality theory to the ‘Antillean Negro’, How Antillean Negro act towards each other. Fanon says, that “The question is always whether he is less intelligent than I, blacker than I, less respectable than I”. The “question of value” that plagues the neurotic Antillean Negro is historically constructed and has arisen out of colonialism.
In this chapter Fanon also talks about the role colonial education. “It is because the Negro belongs to an “inferior” race that he seeks to be like the superior race”. The pattern of the white man.
Section –B “The Negro and the Hegel”
` In the second section Fanon applies Hegel’s Master- Slave dialectic. The ‘Hegelian dialectic’ offers, Fanon argues, an explanation of what distinguishes “human reality” from “natural reality”.
“Man is human only to the extent to which he tries to impose his existence on another man in order to be recognized by him”
Black men fight for an equal place in society, The White man considers Black men as “machine-animal-men”.Fanon says, “There is always resentment in a reaction”. Nietzsche points out that in the latter Fanon remind us there is always a great deal of “resentment”.
The unequal power relations between the slave and the Master means that even if the Master had to confer upon the slave its recognition the power balance would not have shifted. Fanon says that “it is in the degree to which I go beyond my own immediate being that I apprehend the existence of the other as a natural and more than natural reality”.
Thus, in these both chapters, “Fanons describe the marginalization of Black people and colonizer White world”.
8. “By way of conclusion:
“By way of conclusion” is the final chapter, Frantz fanon does not want to be a black man, and he wants to be amen plain and simple. Black and white could not live in present as they can’t separate themselves from their past, says fanon.
He writes……
“I will not make myself the man of any past. I do not want to sing the past to the detriment of my present and future.
#Let the dead bury the dead:
#I am my own foundation.”
Fanon says he has only one rights and one duty.
1) The rights to demand human behaviour from the other.
2) The duty to never let his decisions renounces his freedom.
#Conclusion:
Black Skin White Masks, Fanon argued that colonoalism dehumanized the native. This process was thorough that the black man can see himself only as the black (mirror) image of the white man. The white man is the master, and represents an object that is to be feared and desired. The black therefore tries to be more like the (desirable) white man/master. He puts on 'white mask'.
To Evaluate my Assignment click here
Name: Maru Janak j.
Roll no: 20
Paper no: 11
Paper name: Postcolonial literature
Topic: Postcolonialism inBlack skin White Mask
Email Id: marujanak17@gmail.com
Submitted to : Department Of English
#Abstract:
It is a very personal account of Fanon's experience being black as a man, an intellectual, and a part to a French education. It examines how colonialism is internalized by the colonized, how an inferiority complex is inculcated, and how, through the mechanism of racism, black people end up emulating their oppressors.
Key Words – ( Superiority , Blackman , Masks, Language , Race , Skin)
#Meaning Of Postcolonialism:
• Postcolonial theory is a generalized term used to describe the variety of events that took place in the aftermath of decolonization throughout various nations.
• Post colonialism as a study addresses issues of power, subordination, race, gender inequality and class warfare; but it examines how these issues still exist and linger far after the imperial powers exited the colonies.
• The ultimate goal of post colonial theory is to combat the lasting effects of colonialism on native cultures. It is not simply concerned with recovering these past cultures, but learning how the world can move beyond this period together, towards a place of mutual respect.
• Some of the most prominent theorists and authors of this theory are Frantz Fanon, Gayatri Spivak and Edward W. Said. These authors sought to expose and deconstruct the racist, imperialist nature of Eurocentric assumptions and thus remove the power of persuasion and coercion.
#Postcolonialism in Black-skin white-mask:
Black Skin White Masks, Fanon argued that colonoalism dehumanized the native. This process was thorough that the black man can see himself only as the black (mirror) image of the white man. The white man is the master, and represents an object that is to be feared and desired. The black therefore tries to be more like the (desirable) white man/master. He puts on 'white mask'.
The book is divided in 8 chapters. In these eight chapters, Fanon talks about psychology of white colonizers and black people’s desire to be like white men. He talks about issue of language, marriage between white and black and psychology behind it, white mind set of ruling, black’s inequality and struggle for human existence.
1.The Black Man and the language:
In this chapter author talks about the black people who is not learn white man's language perfactly.he is unintelligent yes if he does learn it perfectly, he has washed his brain in the world of racial ideology.
According to Fanon
“The Negro enslaved by his inferiority, the white man enslaved by his
superiority alike behaves in accordance with a neurotic orientation.”
Essentially the Negro is born into a hopeless situation. In this context, the black man will never be normal, but always an inborn no, a preborn human of abnormality. "Let me add only that in the psychological sphere the abnormal man is he who demands, who appeals, who begs." Fanon invokes Freud; however the Oedipus complex is a luxury for the white man.
2. The woman of colour and the white Man :
When women o fcolour go after white man and put down men of their own colour .Fanon says the cause is just what many of us suspect:Internalized racism.Nor do these women truly white men:they just love their colour.They go with them not out of love but to deal with their own hangs-ups about race.it is because the black women feels inferior that she aspies to gainadmittance to the white world.
here are two such women: the Negros and the mulatto. The first has only one possibility and one concern: to turn white. The second wants not only to turn white but also to avoid slipping back. What indeed could be more illogical then a mulatto woman’s acceptance of a Negro husbands? For the understood once and for all that it is a question of saving the race.
3.The man of colour and white woman.
I want to be recognized not
As Black but as a white(Frantz)
In this chapter concept of black man's desire is become a white.black man has two diamentions:one with his fellow,the other with the white man.
4.The so called dependency complex of the colonized people.
In this chapter Fanon argues that a people of colour may have deep desire for white rule. Those who opposite to it they don’t have secure sense of self that they have very chip sense on their shoulder.
5.The Lived experience of Black Man:
Frantz Fanon wants to be a man.but in the white world in which he lives his skin colour becomes everything ,more important then even his education and achievement.While his neighbour or his cousin might late him for good reason,white people hate him without even getting to know him.They are irrational.
After that Fanon categorises this chapter …
#Being Seen as a Negro , never a man .
#White people do not see him , they see his body
on other side of the white world there lies a magical black culture.Blackes have rhythm,their sex is magical,”Emotion is Negro as reason is Greek''and so on.But this only feeds white stereotypes.
6. The Black Man and Psychopathology.
Why white people are so afraid of black men:
1.Black man are seen as being way less moral.
2.White man fear they will take white women from them.
“Black man and psychopathology” is related with some wrong beliefs that whit had for natives”
Why should people fear of being as a black? Here the white man repressed the Homosexuality and their strange hang ups about black man’s penises more generally, black man are viewed as a bodies which makes them seems like mindless, violence, sexual, animal beings. All the bad meaning that the word “Black” had even before Europeans set foot in black Africa.
Here he writes that
7. The Black Man and Recognition:
Section-A “The Negro and Adler”
In this section fanon applies Adler’s personality theory to the ‘Antillean Negro’, How Antillean Negro act towards each other. Fanon says, that “The question is always whether he is less intelligent than I, blacker than I, less respectable than I”. The “question of value” that plagues the neurotic Antillean Negro is historically constructed and has arisen out of colonialism.
In this chapter Fanon also talks about the role colonial education. “It is because the Negro belongs to an “inferior” race that he seeks to be like the superior race”. The pattern of the white man.
Section –B “The Negro and the Hegel”
` In the second section Fanon applies Hegel’s Master- Slave dialectic. The ‘Hegelian dialectic’ offers, Fanon argues, an explanation of what distinguishes “human reality” from “natural reality”.
“Man is human only to the extent to which he tries to impose his existence on another man in order to be recognized by him”
Black men fight for an equal place in society, The White man considers Black men as “machine-animal-men”.Fanon says, “There is always resentment in a reaction”. Nietzsche points out that in the latter Fanon remind us there is always a great deal of “resentment”.
The unequal power relations between the slave and the Master means that even if the Master had to confer upon the slave its recognition the power balance would not have shifted. Fanon says that “it is in the degree to which I go beyond my own immediate being that I apprehend the existence of the other as a natural and more than natural reality”.
Thus, in these both chapters, “Fanons describe the marginalization of Black people and colonizer White world”.
8. “By way of conclusion:
“By way of conclusion” is the final chapter, Frantz fanon does not want to be a black man, and he wants to be amen plain and simple. Black and white could not live in present as they can’t separate themselves from their past, says fanon.
He writes……
“I will not make myself the man of any past. I do not want to sing the past to the detriment of my present and future.
#Let the dead bury the dead:
#I am my own foundation.”
Fanon says he has only one rights and one duty.
1) The rights to demand human behaviour from the other.
2) The duty to never let his decisions renounces his freedom.
#Conclusion:
Black Skin White Masks, Fanon argued that colonoalism dehumanized the native. This process was thorough that the black man can see himself only as the black (mirror) image of the white man. The white man is the master, and represents an object that is to be feared and desired. The black therefore tries to be more like the (desirable) white man/master. He puts on 'white mask'.
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