Saturday 24 October 2015

Defoe as a Novelist

      Name                : Maru JANAKKUMAR Jethalal
        Paper                : 2 [The Neo Classical Literature]
        Semester           : 1
        Roll no              : 26
        Topic                 : Contribution Defoe as a Novelist  
        Email id            : marujanak17@gmail.com
        Submitted to    :MK Bhavnagar University
                                      Bhavnagar

                                                      Daniel Defoe
                                             
                       
                         Born               : Daniel Defoe
                                                   1659-1660
                                                   London, England.
                         Died               : 24, April 1731 (Aged 70-72)
                                                   London, England.
                        Occupation    : Writing, journalist,
                                                  Merchant.
                        Genre              : Adventure

“Those people cannot enjoy comfortably what god has given them because they see and covet what he has not given them. All of our discontents for what we want appear to me to spring from want of thankfulness or what we have”.
                                                                                                                             -Daniel Defoe


v  Introduction :

Ø Daniel Defoe was an English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer his novel for Robinson Crusoe. Defoe is notable for being one of the earliest proponents of the novel as he helped to popularize the form in Britain and with others such as Samuel Richardson and thus is among the founders of the English novel. He was a prolific and versatile writer producing more than five hundred books, pamphlets and journals on various topics including politics, crime religion, marriage psychology and the supernatural. He was also a pioneer of economic journalism.

v HER MAJOR WORKS IN FICTION :

1)  Robinson Crusoe  (1719)
2) Moll Flanders         (1722)
3) A journal of the plague year (1722)
4) Roxana                     (1724)

vHE WAS ACCLAIMED WRITER :

§ Defoe published his first literary piece a political pamphlet in 1683. He also instead in political and he continued to write political works, working as a journalist, until the early 1700s. Her other works during this period targeted support from King William!!!  also known as “William Henry of Orange .” some of his most popular works inclith the true born Englishman which shed light on racial prejudice in England following attacks on William for being a foreigner. And the Alternate that was published from 1704 to 1773 during the Reign of Queen Anne king William!!’S successor. Political adversary of Defoe’s constantly had him continent for his writing 1713 Defoe took a new literary part in 1719 around the age 19 when he published Robinson Crusoe a fiction novel based on several for short essay that he had composed over the years. a handful of novels after often with rogues and criminal’s as lead character including –
Ø Moll Flanders
Ø Colouel Jack
Ø  Captain singletor
Ø  Jounal of the plague years and his major piece, Roxana (1724)

v SOME OF HIS LATTER WORKS :

·       Everybody’s business is nobody’s business (1725)
·       The nonfiction essay “conjugal lewdness; or,
·       Matrimonial whoredom  (1727)
·       A follow –up piece to the “conjugal lewdness” essay entitle “a treatise Concerning the use and abuse of the marriage bed.

v DEFOE’S IMPORTANCE IN LITERARY HISTORY
Ø Though Defoe’s contribution to the novel was sometimes down played in the 18th and 19th centuries, 20th century literary historians and critics came to recognize Defoe as one of the most important founding fathers the modern novel.

Defoe’s most important contributions to the        development of fiction include especially:

Ø Realistic detail in external, physical description and attention to realism in presentation. None of Defoe’s fiction bore his name on the title all his “novels” were presented to and sometimes received by the publish as real life Autobiographies of the main characters.
Ø Plain, non literary prose considered eminently readable in his time.
Ø The writer’s effective projection of himself with vivid convincing imagination into the various Protagonists who narrate their respective fictional “Autobiographies.”

v CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FICTION :

Ø Evidently written in last the flaws and inconsistencies are often noted as ostensibly realistic weakness in the writing style of his fictional “autobiographer.”
Ø Pointedly intended as moralistic propaganda there is some debate whether his moral Preaching’s were heart left, or whether Defoe made his works blatantly “instructional” so they would be socially acceptable in an era when fiction was considered immoral. Defoe was a devout puritan, but he was also a crafty businessman most of Defoe’s fiction travel narratives such as Robinson Crusoe’s and “criminal confessions” such as Moll Flanders’s were much in vogue in the early 18th century. The earnestness of his nonfiction moral writings may suggest that Defoe’s moral intent in the fiction was also in earnest.
Ø Usually episodic Defoe’s “Autobiographies” often lack the narrative coherence we expect in modern novels. He offers series of adventures episodes that are unified more by their common subject the life story of the main character than by apparently conscious artistic design. Typically episodes of narrative are punctuated with passages of moral or practical instruction.
Ø Some see Defoe’s protagonists as psychologically thin usually the reader learns more about actions and circumstantial predicaments than internal feelings and reactions.

v A FEW THEMES, MOTIFS AND FEATURES TO CONSIDER AS YOU READ MOLL FLANDERS :

Ø Different types and aspects of realism from the title page to detailed description, to the fascinating underbelly of a rising criminal class.
Ø Defoe’s purpose: moral &sensational.
Ø Moll’s motivation: fear of poverty & desire for adventure and the good life.
Ø The importance of money, a new middle class concern.
Ø  Moll as survivor do we admire her?
Ø Isolation and “economic individualism.”
Ø Moll’s femininity and masculinity.


v OTHER ARTICLES ON DANIEL DEFOE :

Ø Works of Daniel Defoe : life and career of Daniel Defoe
Ø the books of Daniel
Ø works of Daniel Defoe : critical commentary
Ø Arguments to the self in Defoe’s Roxana.
Ø An essay on the history and reality of apparitions stoke Newington Daniel Defoe edition.
Ø The life of Daniel Defoe.
Ø  Works of Daniel Defoe : introduction
Ø A sermon by the “queen of whores”. (Daniel Defoe’s Roxana).
Ø Dating the devil: Daniel Defoe’s Roxana and political history of the devil.
Ø “Modern Panchgyrick” and Defoe’s “dunciad”.


v DENIEL DEFOE AS A NOVEL WRITER :

Ø Daniel Defoe’s was an obscure and polemic man who lived seven reigns and a Court less number of political and social changes of that turbulent period, Daniel Defoe gave a clear evidence of a transformation, the flourish of the English spirit in literature. He also took a great interest in partisan politics and was a prolific spokesman for the views and interest of the emerging middle class.
Ø James Joyce stated in an essay the backgrounds that outstands the importance of Daniel Defoe’s work in Chaucer prevailed the Norman priests and foreign heroes. Milton tried a puritan version of the divine comedy; the theatre of the monarch restoration followed the Spanish patterns Shakespeare’s work is filled with characters from overseas. It was Daniel Defoe the first writer who did not follow or adapt foreign works, his pen introduced the national spirit, so it is fair to say that he is the father of the English novel.
Ø More than two hundred and twenty works are attributed to Daniel Defoe. He expressed his opinion on every subject he was interested in. in the journalist field, his contribution is of great relevance. From 1704 to 1713, Daniel Defoe directed the review, the prototype of the later well-known newspapers. Defoe was the only journalist to write the whole the review and many times had to do it from jail.
Ø The art of the essay owes Defoe many efficient comments on diverse theme, but his contribution to the novel is more important. Defoe was a pioneer introducing in literature the character of the heartless thief, the orphan child and the brutal but sensitive prostitute. Defoe had a singular skill to inspire his works in low class people he judged the stories only by its intrinsic importance without observing the social environment they come from. Famous writers like James Joyce, foster, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville verity the notable influence reached by Defoe’s fiction novels.    
vconclusion:
          He wrote more than, pamphlets and journals on various topic. He was also the pioneer of economic journalism. Another novel is captain singleton, and His famous novel is Robinson Crusoe. The importance of Robinson Crusoe to English literature is that it is considered to be one of the novel as a genre the others being Defoe’s “Moll Flanders,” and “Roxana” and a number of other fictions written by writers.    
                                    













 


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